
Human Behavior Modeling
"Solving a problem simply means representing it so as to make the solution transparent" (Herbert Simon)
Current modeling tools at the disposal of architects, planners, and engineers, often focus on the physical aspects of built environment. They do not represent the mutual influence between built environments and the dynamic behavior of people. As a result, there is a significant gap between expected and actual people's behavior, leading to diminished people's health and performance, as well as excessive consumption of natural resources. At IPL, we develop multi-agent computational models of human behavior to help architects, planners, and engineers, forecast the impact of built environments on people experience, operational efficiency, and space utilization. To achieve this goal, we develop computational models not only "spaces", but also "people", and "activities", as well as their mutual dependencies, integrating existing research in architectural design, social sciences, and operations research.

At the core of this approach is the concept 'Event', computational entities that represent the convergence of 'spaces', 'people', and 'activities' to represent the context-dependent behavior of people in built environments. Events can be organized into 'Narratives', logical sequence of events that represent the unfolding of human behavior patterns comprising of 'planned' events (e.g., scheduled activities), as well as 'unplanned' events (e.g., unscheduled people interactions). A 'narrative manager' coordinates the dynamic unfolding of multiple narratives in the same built environment.

Human behavior modeling and simulation can support the design of new environments as well as the day-to-day management of existing environments. It represents a paradigm shift towards more human-aware design and operations of built environments that support people health, well-being, as well as productivity. It is especially helpful in complex environments, like hospitals or workplaces, where multiple occupants with different goals and needs inhabit the same environments. In this context, human behavior simulation can help identify tradeoffs and explore alternatives strategies to support the decision-making process of architects, planners and engineers.

Media
Publications
- Zhang X., Schaumann D., Faloutsos P., Kapadia M. 2019. “Knowledge-Powered Inference of Crowd Behaviors in Semantically Rich Environments”. Proceedings of the 15th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE). Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Usman M., Schaumann D., Haworth B., Kapadia M., Faloutsos P.. 2019. “Joint Parametric Modeling of Buildings and Crowds for Human-Centric Simulation and Analysis”. Proceedings of the Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures. Daejong, Korea.
- Schaumann D., Sohn S. S., Usman M., Haworth B., Faloutsos P., Kapadia M. 2019. “Spatiotemporal Influence and Affordance Maps for Occupant Behavior Simulation”. Proceedings of the Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures. Daejong, Korea.
- Zhang X., Schaumann D., Haworth B., Faloutsos P., Kapadia M. 2019. “Multi-Constrained Authoring of Occupant Behavior Narratives in Architectural Design”. Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design (SimAUD). Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Schaumann D., Kapadia M.. 2018. “Modeling Social and Spatial Behavior in Built Environments: Current Methods and Future Directions”. Social- behavioral modeling for complex systems. Wiley.
- Date K., Schaumann D., Kalay Y.. 2017. “A Parametric Approach To Simulating Use-Patterns in Buildings: The Case of Movement”. Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe). Rome, Italy.
- Schaumann D., Date K., Kalay Y.. 2017. “An Event Modeling Language (EML) to simulate use patterns in built environments”. Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design (SimAUD). Toronto, Canada
- Schaumann D., Breslav S., Goldstein R., Kahn A., Kalay Y.. 2017. “Simulating use scenarios in hospitals using multi-agent narratives”. Journal of Building Performance Simulation 10 (5-6)
- Schaumann D., Putievsky Pilosof N., Date K., Kalay Y. E. 2016. “A study of human behavior simulation in Architectural Design of Hospital Facilities”. Annali dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 52 (01)
- Schaumann D., Kalay Y. E., Hong S. W., Simeone D.. 2015. “Simulating Human Behavior in not-yet Built Environments by means of Event- based Narratives”. Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design (SimAUD 2015). SimAUD 2015 Best Paper Award + SpringSim 2015 Best Paper for Modeling & Simulation Practice
- Simeone D., Kalay Y. E., Schaumann D.. 2013. “Using game-like narrative to simulate human behaviour in built environments”. Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013), Singapore, pp. 199- 208.
- Kalay Y. E., Schaumann D., Hong S. W., Simeone D.. 2013. “Beyond BIM: next-generation building information modeling, to support form, function, and use of buildings”. In Building Information Modeling: BIM in Current and Future Practice, Chapter 24, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.